Simultaneous detection of 7 important Rickettsiales pathogens by TaqMan-probe quantitative real-time PCR / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To establish and optimize a TaqMan-probe quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection of 7 important Rickettsiales pathogens and simultaneous identification of the infection types. Methods: Based on the ompB gene of Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia mooseri and spotted fever group rickettsiae, the groEL gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the 16S rRNA of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the gltA gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the com1 gene of Coxiella burnetii, we synthesized primers and TaqMan-probes and optimized the reaction system and reaction process to same solution. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of this assay were evaluated and the assay was used for the detection of simulated and actual samples. Results: The Ct value of the standard curves of the 7 pathogens showed a good linear relationship with the number of DNA copies (all R2 >0.990 0), the minimum detection limit was 10 copies/μl, showing good specificity. In the 96 tick nucleic acid extracts, Coxiella burnetii was detected in 1 sampleand spotted fever group Rickettsiae was detected in 3 samples. In the 80 blood samples from patients with undefined febrile illness, Orientia tsutsugamushi was detected in 1 sample and spotted fever group rickettsiae was detected in 2 samples. Conclusions: In this study, based on the established TaqMan-probe qPCR assay, the reaction system and reaction condition of the 7 important pathogens of Rickettsiales were optimized to the same solution. This method overcomes the shortcomings of using different reaction systems and reaction conditions for different pathogens, which can precisely identify the species of 7 important pathogens of Rickettsiales in clinical sample detections and is important for the infection type identification and laboratory detection time reduction to facilitate precise treatment of the patients.

Changes of choroidal structure in children with hyperopic amblyopia observed by EDI-OCT technique / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the differences in choroidal structure between hyperopic amblyopia and normal children of the same age by the enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT)technique.METHODS: There were 35 cases in 50 eyes of children with hyperopic amblyopia visiting our hospital in January 2021 to December 2021 selected in the amblyopic group, and 30 cases in 51 eyes of healthy children who matched general data in the same period were selected in the control group. EDI-OCT examination was performed to measure the choroidal thickness(CT). After image processing, the total choroidal area(TCA), luminal area(LA), stromal area(SA)and choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were obtained.RESULTS: TCA(except inferior quadrant), SA(except inferior quadrant of the outer ring), LA and CT(except inferior and temporal quadrant )in the amblyopic group of each area were significantly larger than that in the control group(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in CVI between the two groups except the temporal quadrant of the outer ring(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in CT for all degrees of hyperopic amblyopia, with the exception of the nasal quadrant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Hyperopic amblyopia is accompanied with abnormal choroidal structure. As the degree of hyperopia increases, TCA, LA and SA exhibit increasing trends. The changes in choroidal structure are presumed to be related to hyperopic amblyopia.

Molecular Detection of Tick-borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Hainan Island, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Pathogens like bacteria and protozoa, which affect human and animal health worldwide, can be transmitted by vectors like ticks. To investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of bacteria and protozoans carried by ticks in Chengmai county of Hainan province, China, 285 adult hard ticks belonging to two species [

Projections from Infralimbic Cortex to Paraventricular Thalamus Mediate Fear Extinction Retrieval / 神经科学通报·英文版

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which serves as a hub, receives dense projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and projects to the lateral division of central amygdala (CeL). The infralimbic (IL) cortex plays a crucial role in encoding and recalling fear extinction memory. Here, we found that neurons in the PVT and IL were strongly activated during fear extinction retrieval. Silencing PVT neurons inhibited extinction retrieval at recent time point (24 h after extinction), while activating them promoted extinction retrieval at remote time point (7 d after extinction), suggesting a critical role of the PVT in extinction retrieval. In the mPFC-PVT circuit, projections from IL rather than prelimbic cortex to the PVT were dominant, and disrupting the IL-PVT projection suppressed extinction retrieval. Moreover, the axons of PVT neurons preferentially projected to the CeL. Silencing the PVT-CeL circuit also suppressed extinction retrieval. Together, our findings reveal a new neural circuit for fear extinction retrieval outside the classical IL-amygdala circuit.

d-δ-tocopherol inhibits the growth of human lens epithelial SRA cells and its related mechanisms / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of d-δ-tocopherol on the growth of human lens epithelial SRA cells and its related molecular mechanism, and to provide experimental basis for the treatment and prevention of posterior cataract with d-δ-tocopherol. <p>METHODS: The experiment was divided into 6 groups, blank control group and experimental group, that is, five different concentrations of d-δ-tocopherol(40, 60, 80, 100, 120)μmoL/L. The proliferation inhibition rate of each group was detected by thiazolam(MTT)assay. The morphology of human lens epithelial SRA cells was observed under inverted microscope. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of bcl-2, bax, Cyclin D1, P21 protein was detected by Western Blot(WB). <p>RESULTS: With the increase of d-δ-tocopherol concentration, the SRA cells decreased significantly compared with the control group; the MTT results showed that with the increase of d-δ-tocopherol concentration, the inhibition rate of cell proliferation increased gradually, the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05); cell cycle: with the increase of the concentration of tocopherol drugs in the experimental group, the proportion of cells in the S phase increased gradually compared with the control group, the cells were blocked in the S phase, the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05); Western blotting: after 48h of d-δ-tocopherol intervention human lens epithelial SRA cells, the P21, Cyclin D1 and bcl-2 expression of human lens epithelial cells gradually decreased, and the expression of bax gradually increased, which was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.01). <p>CONCLUSION: d-δ-tocopherol can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human lens epithelial SRA cells and block the cell cycle in S phase. d-δ-tocopherol can inhibit the proliferation of human lens epithelial cells. The proliferation of human lens epithelial SRA cells may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of bcl-2, P21, Cyclin D1 and inducing the expression of bax.

Clinical application of OCTA in diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Diabetic retinopathy is the most common disease of microvascular diseases caused by diabetes. It is harmful to vision in the late stage. If not treated in time, it can cause blindness. The diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diabetic retinopathy were mainly based on fundus fluorescein angiography. There are some limitations in the clinical application because of the side effects of its operation, such as invasive, allergic and adverse reactions. Recently, optical coherence tomography has become more and more popular among ophthalmologists for its noninvasive, rapid and high resolution fundus angiography. It cannot only display the choroidal vascular network information in layers, but also quantitatively analyze the changes of blood flow in the macular region. For the first time, the blood flow analysis of optic disc and macular area <i>in vivo</i> has reached the level of tissue anatomy. It has wide application prospect and is more and more favored by ophthalmologists. In this paper, the clinical application of octa in diabetic retinopathy was reviewed.

Application of lean management in cost control of cerebral infarction single disease in stroke center / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the effect of lean management on cost control of single disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) in stroke center. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. The patients with ACI who underwent intravenous thrombolysis in the stroke center of Taizhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Province were enrolled. Thirty patients adopted traditional management procedures from July 2016 to September 2017 were enrolled in the control group, and 32 patients received lean management from October 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled in the lean group. The patients in the control group were treated with traditional intravenous thrombolysis, and the patients were sent to the neurology ward for intravenous thrombolysis. The patients in the lean group applied lean management value stream to optimize process management, the lean management team of the stroke center was established, and the green channel for stroke treatment was established to eliminate the waiting time as far as possible. The location of thrombolysis was changed from neurology ward to the neurological intensive care unit (NICU) in emergency department. The patients in the two groups were compared in terms of intravenous thrombolytic door-to-needle time (DNT), admission time to the neurologist's visit time (T1), CT examination time to neurology ward or NICU admission time (T2), neurology ward/NICU visit time to medication time (T3), and the proportion of patients with DNT controlled within 40 minutes, recovery of neurological impairment 7 days after thrombolysis [national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) score], activity of daily living assessment (Barthel index), length of hospital stay, cost of hospital stay and patient satisfaction. At the same time, the main process quality and the implementation rate of easily missed indexes of cerebral infarction single disease were recorded. Results Compared with the control group, DNT, T1 and T2 in the lean group were significantly shortened [DNT (minutes): 39.56±11.12 vs. 63.03±19.63, T1 (minutes): 16.23±6.79 vs. 33.48±12.63, T2 (minutes): 13.45±3.84 vs. 17.47±5.56, all P < 0.01], T3 was slightly shortened (minutes: 9.88±1.95 vs. 10.95±2.69, P > 0.05), and the proportion of DNT control within 40 minutes was significantly increased [75.0% (24/32) vs. 16.7% (5/30), P < 0.01], the 7-day NIHSS score was decreased significantly (8.66±4.12 vs. 13.00±5.63, P < 0.01), 7-day Barthel index was increased significantly (71.6±16.7 vs. 54.7±17.1, P < 0.01), the length of hospital stay was significantly shortened (days: 9.69±4.06 vs. 12.47±3.83, P < 0.01), the hospital costs were significantly reduced (Yuan: 16 338±5 481 vs. 19 470±5 495, P < 0.05), the satisfaction of patients was improved significantly [(91.38±2.69)% vs. (86.53±2.78)%, P < 0.01]. In terms of the implementation rate of quality indicators such as pre-application evaluation of thrombolytic drugs, evaluation of dysphagia, and evaluation of vascular function, health education of ACI, rehabilitation evaluation and implementation within 24 hours, etc., the lean group was significantly improved as compared with the control group [(87.5% (28/32) vs. 53.3% (16/30), 96.9% (31/32) vs. 73.3% (22/30), 78.1% (25/32) vs. 43.3% (13/30), 100.0% (32/32) vs. 76.7% (23/30), 75.0% (24/32) vs. 33.3% (10/30), all P < 0.05]. Conclusion Lean thinking can realize the standardization of stroke center process, effectively utilize medical resources, improve medical quality and reduce the cost of cerebral infarction single disease.

Chemical constituents from Hylocereus undatus peels / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Hylocereus undatus cv.Vietnam peels.METHODS The ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol fractions of 95％ ethanol extract of H.undatus peels were isolated and purified by silica,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as typhaneoside (1),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 →6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (2),quercetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (3),isorhamnetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glycopyranoside (4),3'-O-methylquercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),benzyl alcohol-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),physcion (7),resveratrol (8),adenosine (9),uridine (10),2-methyl-3-(3 '-indolyl)-propionic acid (11),α-spinasterol (12),β-sitosterol (13).CONCLUSION Compounds 1-12 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Clinical effects of laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 237 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from June 2004 to June 2009 were collected.Among 237 patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer,120 using laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method were allocated into the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 117 using laparoscopic ultrasound knife's method were allocated into the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.Observation indicators included:(1)treatment situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity,duration of hospital stay,treatment expenses and occurrence of complications(anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction,postoperative dysuresia and sexual dysfunction),(2)follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 18,2014.The colonoscopy,chest X-ray and abdominal computed tomography(CT)were applied to suspected patients with local or distal tumor recurrence.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented asx±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.Count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results(1)Treatment situations:all the patients underwent successful laparoscopic surgery,without conversion to open surgery.Operation time,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity and duration of hospital stay were respectively(156±33)minutes,18±2,(1.5±0.6)days,(1.5±0.5)days,(7.5±2.5)days in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(175±21)minutes,16±4,(1.6±0.5)days,(1.4±0.5)days,(8.0±1.8)days in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=25.324,20.117,21.477,1.617,1.770,P＞0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss and treatment expenses were respectively(116±12)mL,(2.4±0.3)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(149±25)mL,(2.8±0.2)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=212.740,211.071,P＜0.05).Anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction and dysuresia or sexual dysfunction were respectively detected in 6,3,0 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7,3,5 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the anastomotic leakage and intestinal obstruction between the 2 groups(x2=0.110,P＞0.05)and with a statistically significant difference in the dysuresia or sexual dysfunction between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).All the patients received postoperative chemotherapy of FOLFOX regimens for 6 cycles.(2)Followup situations:226 patients were followed up for a median time of 52 months(range,11-121 months),and 11 patients lost to follow-up were included in the study as censored data,including 5 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 6 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.During the follow-up,67 patients were dead,including 58 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis,4 died of cerebral hemorrhage,3 died of myocardial infarction and 2 died of renal failure.The overall survival rate and overall survival time were 70.36％and 51 months.The overall local tumor recurrence rate,distal tumor recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate were 8.33％(10/120),25.83％(31/120),71.7％in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7.69％(9/117),29.06％(34/117),72.4％in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups(x2=0.033,0.310,0.002,P＞0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer is safe and effective compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery,and it could also reduce the incidence of autonomic nerve-related complications and treatment expenses.

Signiifcance of Multi-slice CT in Diagnosis of Adult Intussusception / 中国医学影像学杂志

PurposeAdult intussusception is rare, and clinical symptoms are atypical and tend to be misdiagnosed. This study aims to explore the imaging features of intussusception on multi-slice CT (MSCT) and to improve the diagnosis of this disease. Materials and Methods Sixty cases with intussusception conifrmed by pathology were recruited and imaging ifndings including sleeve head lesions, set sheath canal, exhumation of intestine, involved mesenteric fat, and blood vessels were retrospectively analyzed. Results The direct sings included 60 cases with target signs, 44 of them with single target signs and 16 of them with double target signs; the shape was kidney like in 39 cases and irregular in 21 cases; 22 cases showed double intestinal signs, 15 cases showed comet tail signs, and 25 cases showed mountain like with different direction. The indirect signs included 60 cases with thickened intestinal wall and 45 cases with mesenterium fat and vessel in enteric cavity, 12 cases with adjacent mesenteric mass and enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes, 15 cases with ascites, 7 cases with metastatic tumors, including 4 cases of liver metastasis, 2 of pelvic ossiifcation metastasis, and 1 of multiple organ metastasis, 1 case combined with renal calculus and 3 case with ureteral caluli. Conclusion There are some special CT manifestations of adult intussusception. Mountain like sign with different direction at the tail is one of the characteristics. CT plays an important role in clinical procedure.

The toxic effect observation of the retina after vitreous chamber injected with PDGFR-α ASODN / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the toxic effect of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-αantisense oligonucleotide (αASODN) on the retina. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult colored rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups in six for each group. Intravitreous injections of 0.1ml different density diluents containing PDGFR-αASODN and liposome were performed in the right eyes in 3 groups. The other group was injected with 0.1 mL balanced salt solution (BSS) as the control group. The left eyes of all animals were not rejected. Slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy and electroretinogram (ERG) examination were performed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after the injection. On the day 28, the right eyes were harvested, and HE、immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy of retinal tissue were performed . Results The slit lamp, indirect ophthalmoscope examination of all groups were normal in each time. ERG examination yielded no difference in the amplitude of b wave between the treated groups and the normal control group. Pathological changes of the retinal tissue were not observed in the examinations of HE and immunohistochemical at the day 28 after injection. Electron microscope observation of retinal photoreceptor cells in the group D showed the parts of gaps between membranous discs were expanding, parts of were fusing, a few of clearances around cell nucleus were slightly enlarged,and the shapes of the cell nucleus were slightly irregular. Conclusions To inject 0.1 mL PDGFR-αASODN/lip2000 into the vitreous chamber, PDGFR-αASODN can be relatively safe when its concentration is less than 1.5μmol/L.

An analysis of hospitalization rates of patients with goiter in Lianyungang City Jiangsu Province in 2002-2010 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of hospitalization rates of patients with goiter in Lianyungang City in a coastal area with mild iodine deficiency in 2002-2010.Methods Medical reports of patients with goiter from county hospitals were studied at county level with a retrospective method.In accordance with the National Iodized Salt Monitoring Program,nine townships(towns) were taken from each county (district) [total of five counties(districts)]; four villages were selected from each township (town); salt samples were taken from eight households in each village,and salt iodine was determined using direct titration of sodium thiosulfate.Results The hospitalization rate of patient with goiter increased from 1.87/10 million in 2002 to 7.05/10 million in 2009,and then fluctuated to 6.06/10 million in 2010(x2 =281.91,P＜ 0.01).Among them,female's hospitalization rates were significantly higher than that of male 's(The variation range of x2 values were 35.23-116.04,all P ＜ 0.01),and the hospitalization rates of people over the age of 40 years were significantly higher than that of people less than 40 years of age(The variation range of x2 values were 33.04-263.04,all P ＜ 0.01),and the hospitalization rates of people in urban areas were significantly higher than that of people in rural areas (The variation range of x2 values were 18.35-140.00,all P ＜ 0.01).Average salt iodine was 27.61-30.13 mg/kg in 2002-2010.The coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt both increased year by year (x2 =183.75,211.99,P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation between hospitalization rate of patient with goiter and coverage rate of iodized salt(spearman correlation coefficient was 0.83,P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation between hospitalization rate of patient with goiter and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt too (spearman correlation coefficient was 0.93,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In Lianyungang City,the hospitalization rate of patient with goiter,the coverage rate of iodized salt and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt all show upward trend in 2002-2010.The relationship among them is worth further study.

Identification of Haemaphysalis longicomis and Rhipicephalus microplus / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To establish a method combined morphology and molecular marker for identifying Haemaphysalis longicomis and Rhipicephalus microplus. Methods Ticks were collected from domestic animals and wild environment in epidemic area of Hubei and Henan provinces where cases of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome were prevalent. We classified the ticks by morphology characteristics before 12S rDNA of ticks were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by PAUP4.0. Results The ticks belonged to Haemaphysalis longicomis and Rhipicephalus microplus through observation and analysed by the morphological characteristics of the ticks. 12S rDNA was cloned and sequenced while data confirmed the morphological identification of the results. Conclusion The method based on morphology that combined with molecular marker seemed a good method for the identificaton of ticks.

Intrahepatic transplantation of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cells in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effect of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cell transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between Jun 2008 and Mar 2009, 12 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis and portal hypertensive underwent azygousportal disconnection and splenectomy in our department. The patients were then divided into two groups to receive autologous bone marrow-deprived liver stem cell infusion via the hepatic artery after in vitro induction for 7 days (n=6) or saline (n=6). The therapeutic effects of the operations on the liver functions and liver fibrosis index were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients recovered uneventfully and no side effect of the operation was found. After the operation, the patients receiving bone marrow-deprived liver stem cell infusion showed better hepatic function improvement than those receiving saline infusion (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transplantation of in vitro induced autologous bone marrow-derived liver stem cell via the hepatic artery is safe and effective for treatment of posthepatitic cirrhosis.</p>

Protocols for cloning human bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore practical protocols for cloning bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cell fraction rich in CD117(+) cells and CD184(+) cells was separated from fresh bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation and cultured for 0, 7 and 14 days in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with or without 10% autologous serum or in serum-free high-glucose DMEM. All the media were supplemented with different concentrations of hepatocyte growth promoting factors (HGPF), thrombopoietin (TPO) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). The quantitative changes of CD117(+) cells and CD184(+) cells were measured by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The optimal effect for cell cloning was achieved with high-glucose DMEM with 10% autologous serum group supplemented with 40 microg/ml HGPF, 50 ng/ml TPO, and 10 ng/ml IL-3. At day 7 of cell culture in this media, the quantity of CD117(+) cells and CD184(+) cells increased by 6.55 and 6.20 folds, and by 11.62 and 20.57 folds at day 14, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is practical for cloning bone marrow-derived hepatic stem cells in high-glucose DMEM with 10% autologous serum supplemented with 40 microg/ml HGPF, 50 ng/ml TPO, and 10 ng/ml IL-3.</p>

An epidemiological investigation of the rabies between 1999-2008 in Yancheng city,Jiangsu province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To better understand the epidemiology of rabies during the past ten years in Yancheng city,Jiangsu province. Methods Data was collected and analyzed on rabies cases in Yancheng. Density and vaccination rate on Canine,Rate of injured people bit by dogs,and the information of post-exposure prophylaxis were studied. Rabies virus in the dog brains,collected around the epidemic areas of Yancheng,were detected and analyzed. Results A total of 135 human rabies cases occurred from 1999 through 2008,and formed the second epidemic peak since 1958. Of these victims,84% (114) were farmers. In general,the rate of people having dogs were 3%-6% per 100 people,and the injured person-times of 100 dogs were 6.37 per year. Notably,the vaccination rate of dogs was only 20%. Of those people injured by dogs and other animals,77% had received post-exposure treatment,and only 5%-10% had been administered anti-rabies serum. Rabies virus antigen was found in 4 (3.6%) of 111 brain specimens among dogs collected from epidemic areas. Genetic analysis of N and G genes,which were amplified from brain specimens,indicated that these viruses belong to genotype Ⅰ rabies and expressing a close relationship with the Chinese vaccine strain CTN. Conclusion The large number of dogs with low vaccination rate among them,together with the incorrect and low post-exposure treatment in rural areas seemed to be responsible for the outbreak of rabies in Yancheng city.

Variations of the amount of sialic acids on hepatocellular carcinoma cell membrane / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change in the amount of sialic acids on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell membrane.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgical specimens of HCC and liver cirrhosis tissues were obtained from 28 patients to prepare carcinoma cell and hepatocyte suspensions by collagenase digestion. For assay of α2, 3 and α2, 6-sialic acids, the cells were suspended in the staining buffer containing either fluorescein isothiocyanate-Maackia amurensis lectin (FITC-MAL) or fluorescein isothiocyanate-Sambucus nigra bark lectin (FITC-SNA) and incubated for 1 h, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis was carried out to measure the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on the cell surface.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both FITC-MAL- and FITC-SNA-incubated HCC cells, the MFI on the cell surface was greater than that of the hepatocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both of α2, 3 and α2, 6- sialic acids increases significantly on the hepatocyte membrane after the carcinomatous change.</p>

Cross-sectional study on rates and influential factors of standard medication for antiretroviral therapy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the status of standard medication of antiretroviral therapy and identify its correlationship with preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Qualitative and quantitative methods for measuring of standard medication towards antiretroviral therapy of PMTCT were used in a cross-sectional study of 167 pregnant women who had accessed to PMTCT services and 57 physicians providing service from January 2005 to June 2007 in 5 HIV epidemic counties in Yunnan province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 167 mothers were recruited, of which 65.87% (110/167) demonstrated for standard medication. The percentage of rational selection of antivirus-therapy regimen was 88.02% (147/167). HIV positive mothers with rational using medicine during labor covered 81.37% (131/161). 87.42% (146/167) of women demonstrated good compliance. The main correlations with the standard medication level of HIV positive pregnant women and their infants were as follows: diagnose time (OR = 2.617; 95% CI: 1.184 - 5.783), place of delivery (OR = 0.064; 95% CI: 0.007 - 0.607), minorities (OR = 0.344; 95% CI: 0.162 - 0.730), understanding of HIV women for antiretroviral therapy (OR = 6.843; 95% CI: 1.449 - 32.312), and doctors' cognition about the regimen for antiretroviral therapy was not enough; 5 key knowledge points (purpose of PMTCT, the consequence of not requiring standard medication, the effect of knowing regimens, the relationship of CD4 levels and selected regimens, the side effect of the relevant medicine) score rate was 47.72% (136/285).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proportions of standard medication in PMTCT antiretroviral therapy were not high. Standard medication might be associated with multiple factors from doctors, patients and society. It is necessary to make some steps to improve standard medication of antiretroviral therapy in PMTCT.</p>

The malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu: a cross-section survey / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cross-section survey and malocclusion rate calculation were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There are 491 children with malocclusion from total 1 279 children; the rate of malocclusion is 38.38%. The most important malocclusion in primary dentition are over bite (III degrees), anterior cross bite, edge to edge bite, early loss of deciduous teeth, fused teeth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rate of malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu is a little bit light. Much work should be done to prevent or treat the malocclusion of primary dentition.</p>

Ultrasonic Characteristics of Urinary Calculus in Infants with History of Feeding Melamine Contaminated Milk Powder / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To summarize the ultrasonic characteristics of urinary calculus in infants who had history of feeding melamine contaminated milk powder.Methods A total of 163 children[aged(19.4?10.9)months] with urolithiasis,who had feeding melamine contaminated milk powder,were retrospectively analyzed using ultrasonography.Twenty children [aged(16.7?9.9)months] with urolit-hiasis,who had no feeding history of melamine contaminated milk powder,were chosen as controls.Ultrasonic characteristics were compared between the 2 groups.Results For melamine calculus cases,sporadic spot or hyperechic mass with different size and shape in the collecting system,partly without acoustic shadow,was found in 65 cases;dense echo and luminous belt with obscured acoustic shadow under a band without echo was found in 48 ureteral calculus cases;irregular strong echo mass or small spot with thick acoustic shadows without side lobe artifact in the dark liquid areas was found in 8 cases with bladder calculus.There was significant difference in morphology of the calculus(P0.05).Conclusions The unique ultrasonic characteristics in infants with melamine calculus had become a very useful tool to diagnose the pediatric urinary melamine calculus.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):67-69